David Maahs

David Maahs, MD, PhD, Lucile Salter Packard Professor, Department of Pediatrics; Chief, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes; Professor (By courtesy), Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine; Associate Director, Stanford Diabetes Research Center

Research Description: In 2016 Dr. Maahs joined the Stanford faculty as Professor of Pediatrics and Division Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology at Stanford University and the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital. His research focuses on improving care and preventing complications in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Dr. Maahs has played a unique role in advancing science in this field by using large epidemiologic studies to identify clinical problems and generate hypotheses for randomized clinical trials (RCT) to test interventions to improve care for people with T1D. His role in spanning these areas of clinical research has led to a key role in numerous research collaborations nationally and internationally and a leadership role in T1D research and clinical care.

Selected relevant publications: (Stanford DRC members in BOLD):

  1. Prahalad P, Addala A, Scheinker D, Hood KK, Maahs DM. CGM Initiation Soon After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis Results in Sustained CGM Use and Wear Time. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(1):e3-e4. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1205. PMID: 31558548; PMCID: PMC7011198. 

  2. Walker AF, Hu H, Cuttriss N, Anez-Zabala C, Yabut K, Haller MJ, Maahs DM. The Neighborhood Deprivation Index and Provider Geocoding Identify Critical Catchment Areas for Diabetes Outreach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Sep 1;105(9):3069–75. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa462. PMID: 32676640; PMCID: PMC7418444. 

  3. Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Simmons KM, Maahs DM. Weight Management in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity: Challenges and Possible Solutions. Curr Obes Rep. 2020 Dec;9(4):412-423. doi: 10.1007/s13679-020-00411-z. PMID: 33108635. 

  4. Kahkoska AR, Crandell J, Driscoll KA, Kichler JC, Seid M, Mayer-Davis EJ, Maahs DM. Dysglycemia among youth with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycemic control in the Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change trial. Pediatr Diabetes. 2019 Mar;20(2):180-188. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12805. PMID: 30536572; PMCID: PMC6367932. 

  5. Lal RA, Buckingham B, Maahs DM. Advances in Care for Insulin-Requiring Patients Without Closed Loop. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Jun;20(S2):S285-S291. doi: 10.1089/dia.2018.0084. PMID: 29916743; PMCID: PMC6011800. 

  6. Leverenz JC, Leverenz B, Prahalad P, Bishop FK, Sagan P, Martinez-Singh A, Conrad B, Chmielewski A, Senaldi J, Scheinker D, Maahs DM. Role and Perspective of Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists in the Development of the 4T Program. Diabetes Spectr. 2024 Spring;37(2):153-159. doi: 10.2337/ds23-0010. Epub 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38756427; PMCID: PMC11093765. 

  7. Figg L, Addala A, Jain I, Anez C, Midney P, DeChirico C, Symanski C, Fitzgerald BC, Colbert K, Raymer T, Stockton-Joreteg C, Murphy E, Collins L, Bernstein C, Hechavarria M, Sheehan EP, Bernier A, Westen SC, Hood KK, Zaharieva DP, Basina M, Cuttriss N, Filipp SL, Gurka MJ, Walker AF, Maahs DM, Haller MJ, Lal RA. The Promising Success of Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Diabetes: Case Series. JMIR Diabetes. 2023 Aug 3;8:e46050. doi: 10.2196/46050. PMID: 37535407; PMCID: PMC10436109. 

  8. Lewit EM, Figg LE, Addala A, Filipp SL, Lal R, Gurka MJ, Herndon JB, Haller MJ, Maahs DM, Walker AF; Project ECHO Diabetes Research Team. Project ECHO Diabetes Cost Modeling to Support the Replication and Expansion of Tele-mentoring Programs in Non-research Settings. Diabetes Ther. 2023 Mar;14(3):509-518. doi: 10.1007/s13300-022-01364-3. Epub 2023 Jan 21. PMID: 36680682; PMCID: PMC9981830. 

  9. Casu A, Nunez Lopez YO, Yu G, Clifford C, Bilal A, Petrilli AM, Cornnell H, Carnero EA, Bhatheja A, Corbin KD, Iliuk A, Maahs DM, Pratley RE. The proteome and phosphoproteome of circulating extracellular vesicle-enriched preparations are associated with characteristic clinical features in type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 28;14:1219293. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219293. PMID: 37576973; PMCID: PMC10417723. 

  10. Addala A, Hechavarria M, Figg L, Roque X, Filipp SL, Anez-Zabala C, Lal R, Gurka MJ, Haller MJ, Maahs DM, Walker AF. Recruiting historically under-represented individuals into Project ECHO Diabetes: using barrier analysis to understand disparities in clinical research in the USA. BMJ Open. 2023 Aug 30;13(8):e072546. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072546. PMID: 37648378; PMCID: PMC10471869. 

  11. Lal RA, Robinson H, Lanzinger S, Miller KM, Pons Perez S, Kovacic R, Calhoun P, Campbell F, Naeke A, Maahs DM, Holl RW, Warner J. Temporal Changes in Hemoglobin A1c and Diabetes Technology Use in DPV, NPDA, and T1DX Pediatric Cohorts from 2010 to 2018. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022 Sep;24(9):628-634. doi: 10.1089/dia.2022.0095. PMID: 35856740; PMCID: PMC9634993. 

  12. Corbin KD, Igudesman D, Addala A, Casu A, Crandell J, Kosorok MR, Maahs DM, Pokaprakarn T, Pratley RE, Souris KJ, Thomas JM, Zaharieva DP, Mayer-Davis EJ; ACT1ON Consortium. Design of the Advancing Care for Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity Network energy metabolism and sequential multiple assignment randomized trial nutrition pilot studies: An integrated approach to develop weight management solutions for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Contemp Clin Trials. 2022 Jun;117:106765. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106765. Epub 2022 Apr 20. PMID: 35460915; PMCID: PMC9164141. 

  13. Forlenza GP, Vigers T, Berget C, Messer LH, Lal RA, Basina M, Maahs DM, Hood K, Buckingham B, Wilson DM, Wadwa RP, Driscoll KA, Pyle L. Predicting Success with a First-Generation Hybrid Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas System Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Model Development and Validation Study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022 Mar;24(3):157-166. doi: 10.1089/dia.2021.0326. Epub 2021 Dec 1. PMID: 34780306; PMCID: PMC8971998. 

  14. Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Prahalad P, Leverenz B, Arrizon-Ruiz N, Ding VY, Desai M, Karger AB, Maahs DM. An Evaluation of Point-of-Care HbA1c, HbA1c Home Kits, and Glucose Management Indicator: Potential Solutions for Telehealth Glycemic Assessments. Diabetology (Basel). 2022 Sep;3(3):494-501. doi: 10.3390/diabetology3030037. Epub 2022 Sep 13. PMID: 37163187; PMCID: PMC10166120. 

  15. Lee MY, Tanenbaum ML, Maahs DM, Prahalad P. Overcoming Barriers to Diabetes Technology in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Public Insurance: Cases and Call to Action. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2022 Mar 1;2022:9911736. doi: 10.1155/2022/9911736. PMID: 35273814; PMCID: PMC8904094. 

  16. Redondo MJ, Libman I, Maahs DM, Lyons SK, Saraco M, Reusch J, Rodriguez H, DiMeglio LA. The Evolution of Hemoglobin A1c Targets for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Rationale and Supporting Evidence. Diabetes Care. 2021 Feb;44(2):301-312. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1978. Epub 2021 Jan 11. PMID: 33431422; PMCID: PMC7818324. 

  17. Sherr JL, Schwandt A, Phelan H, Clements MA, Holl RW, Benitez-Aguirre PZ, Miller KM, Woelfle J, Dover T, Maahs DM, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Craig ME. Hemoglobin A1c Patterns of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes 10 Years Post Diagnosis From 3 Continents. Pediatrics. 2021 Aug;148(2):e2020048942. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-048942. PMID: 34315809; PMCID: PMC8785705. 

  18. Addala A, Auzanneau M, Miller K, Maier W, Foster N, Kapellen T, Walker A, Rosenbauer J, Maahs DM, Holl RW. A Decade of Disparities in Diabetes Technology Use and HbA1c in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Transatlantic Comparison. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(1):133-140. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0257. Epub 2020 Sep 16. PMID: 32938745; PMCID: PMC8162452. 

  19. Ferstad JO, Vallon JJ, Jun D, Gu A, Vitko A, Morales DP, Leverenz J, Lee MY, Leverenz B, Vasilakis C, Osmanlliu E, Prahalad P, Maahs DM, Johari R, Scheinker D. Population-level management of type 1 diabetes via continuous glucose monitoring and algorithm-enabled patient prioritization: Precision health meets population health. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Nov;22(7):982-991. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13256. Epub 2021 Sep 1. PMID: 34374183; PMCID: PMC8635792. 

  20. Tanenbaum ML, Messer LH, Wu CA, Basina M, Buckingham BA, Hessler D, Mulvaney SA, Maahs DM, Hood KK. Help when you need it: Perspectives of adults with T1D on the support and training they would have wanted when starting CGM. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Oct;180:109048. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109048. Epub 2021 Sep 14. PMID: 34534592; PMCID: PMC8578423. 

  21. Prahalad P, Ding VY, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Johari R, Scheinker D, Desai M, Hood K, Maahs DM. Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot 4T Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Nov 28:dgab859. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab859. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34850024. 

  22. Maikawa CL, Chen PC, Vuong ET, Nguyen LT, Mann JL, d'Aquino AI, Lal RA, Maahs DM, Buckingham BA, Appel EA. Ultra-Fast Insulin-Pramlintide Co-Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Sep 9:e2101575. PMID: 34499434. 

  23. Tanenbaum ML, Ngo J, Hanes SJ, Basina M, Buckingham BA, Hessler D, Maahs DM, Mulvaney S, Hood KK. ONBOARD: A Feasibility Study of a Telehealth-Based Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption Intervention for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021 Dec;23(12):818-827. PMID: 34270351. 

  24. Addala A, Zaharieva DP, Gu AJ, Prahalad P, Scheinker D, Buckingham B, Hood KK, Maahs DM. Clinically Serious Hypoglycemia Is Rare and Not Associated With Time-in-range in Youth With New-onset Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Oct 21;106(11):3239-3247. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab522. PMID: 34265059; PMCID: PMC8530719. 

  25. Maikawa CL, Mann JL, Kannan A, Meis CM, Grosskopf AK, Ou BS, Autzen AAA, Fuller GG, Maahs DM, Appel EA. Engineering Insulin Cold Chain Resilience to Improve Global Access. Biomacromolecules. 2021 Aug 9;22(8):3386-3395. PMID: 34213889. 

  26. Lal RA, Maikawa CL, Lewis D, Baker SW, Smith AAA, Roth GA, Gale EC, Stapleton LM, Mann JL, Yu AC, Correa S, Grosskopf AK, Liong CS, Meis CM, Chan D, Garner JP, Maahs DM, Buckingham BA, Appel EA. Full closed loop open-source algorithm performance comparison in pigs with diabetes. Clin Transl Med. 2021 Apr;11(4):e387. PMID: 33931977; PMCID: PMC8087942. 

  27. Tanenbaum ML, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Ngo J, Prahalad P, Leverenz B, New C, Maahs DM, Hood KK. 'I was ready for it at the beginning': Parent experiences with early introduction of continuous glucose monitoring following their child's Type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Diabet Med. 2021 Aug;38(8):e14567. PMID: 33772862. 

  28. Prahalad P, Leverenz B, Freeman A, Grover M, Shah S, Conrad B, Morris C, Stafford D, Lee T, Pageler N, Maahs DM. Closing Disparities in Pediatric Diabetes Telehealth Care: Lessons From Telehealth Necessity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Diabetes. 2022 Spring;40(2):153-157. PMID: 35669301; PMCID: PMC9160546. 

  29. Scheinker D, Gu A, Grossman J, Ward A, Ayerdi O, Miller D, Leverenz J, Hood K, Lee MY, Maahs DM, Prahalad P. Algorithm-Enabled, Personalized Glucose Management for Type 1 Diabetes at the Population Scale: Prospective Evaluation in Clinical Practice. JMIR Diabetes. 2022 Jun 6;7(2):e27284. PMID: 35666570; PMCID: PMC9210201. 

  30. Tanenbaum ML, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Prahalad P, Hooper JA, Leverenz B, Cortes AL, Arrizon-Ruiz N, Pang E, Bishop F, Maahs DM. 'Much more convenient, just as effective': Experiences of starting continuous glucose monitoring remotely following Type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Diabet Med. 2022 Jul 28:e14923. PMID: 35899591. 

  31. Scheinker D, Gu A, Grossman J, Ward A, Ayerdi O, Miller D, Leverenz J, Hood K, Lee MY, Maahs DM, Prahalad P. Algorithm-Enabled, Personalized Glucose Management for Type 1 Diabetes at the Population Scale: Prospective Evaluation in Clinical Practice. JMIR Diabetes. 2022 Jun 6;7(2):e27284. PMID: 35666570; PMCID: PMC9210201. 

  32. Zaharieva DP, Bishop FK, Maahs DM; 4T study research team. Advancements and future directions in the teamwork, targets, technology, and tight control-the 4T study: improving clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed pediatric type 1 diabetes. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2022 Aug 1;34(4):423-429. PMID: 35836400; PMCID: PMC9298953. 

  33. Addala A, Ding V, Zaharieva DP, Bishop FK, Adams AS, King AC, Johari R, Scheinker D, Hood KK, Desai M, Maahs DM, Prahalad P; Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control (4T) Study Group. Disparities in Hemoglobin A1c Levels in the First Year After Diagnosis Among Youths With Type 1 Diabetes Offered Continuous Glucose Monitoring. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Apr 3;6(4):e238881. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8881. PMID: 37074715; PMCID: PMC10116368. 

  34. Tanenbaum ML, Addala A, Hanes S, Ritter V, Bishop FK, Cortes AL, Pang E, Hood KK, Maahs DM, Zaharieva DP; 4T Study Group. "It changed everything we do": A mixed methods study of youth and parent experiences with a pilot exercise education intervention following new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2024 Jan;38(1):108651. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108651. Epub 2023 Nov 24. PMID: 38043358; PMCID: PMC10843536. 

  35. Wang CJ, Lewit EM, Clark CL, Lee FW, Maahs DM, Haller MJ, Addala A, Lal RA, Cuttriss N, Baer LG, Figg LE, Añez-Zabala C, Sheehan EP, Westen SC, Bernier AV, Donahoo WT, Walker AF. Multisite Quality Improvement Program Within the Project ECHO Diabetes Remote Network. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2024 Jan;50(1):66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2023.08.001. Epub 2023 Aug 12. PMID: 37718146. 

  36. Zaharieva DP, Ding VY, Addala A, Prahalad P, Bishop F, Hood KK, Desai M, Wilson DM, Buckingham BA, Maahs DM. Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated with a Higher Hemoglobin A1c Even with Intensive Insulin Management. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Mar;26(3):176-183. doi: 10.1089/dia.2023.0405. PMID: 37955644; PMCID: PMC10877392. 

  37. Wu X, Chen PI, Whitener RL, MacDougall MS, Coykendall VMN, Yan H, Kim YB, Harper W, Pathak S, Iliopoulou BP, Hestor A, Saunders DC, Spears E, Sévigny J, Maahs DM, Basina M, Sharp SA, Gloyn AL, Powers AC, Kim SK, Jensen KP, Meyer EH. CD39 delineates chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cell subsets with distinct cytotoxic & regulatory functions against human islets. Front Immunol. 2024 Jun 28;15:1415102. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415102. PMID: 39007132; PMCID: PMC11239501. 

  38. Prahalad P, Scheinker D, Desai M, Ding VY, Bishop FK, Lee MY, Ferstad J, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Johari R, Hood K, Maahs DM. Equitable implementation of a precision digital health program for glucose management in individuals with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Nat Med. 2024 Jul;30(7):2067-2075. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02975-y. Epub 2024 May 3. PMID: 38702523; PMCID: PMC11847559. 

  39. Tanenbaum ML, Pang E, Tam R, Bishop FK, Prahalad P, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Wong JJ, Naranjo D, Hood KK, Maahs DM. 'We're taught green is good': Perspectives on time in range and time in tight range from youth with type 1 diabetes, and parents of youth with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2024 Dec;41(12):e15423. doi: 10.1111/dme.15423. Epub 2024 Aug 8. PMID: 39118381; PMCID: PMC11560526. 

  40. Leverenz JC, Leverenz B, Prahalad P, Bishop FK, Sagan P, Martinez-Singh A, Conrad B, Chmielewski A, Senaldi J, Scheinker D, Maahs DM. Role and Perspective of Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists in the Development of the 4T Program. Diabetes Spectr. 2024 Spring;37(2):153-159. doi: 10.2337/ds23-0010. Epub 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38756427; PMCID: PMC11093765. 

  41. Walker AF, Haller MJ, Addala A, Filipp SL, Lal R, Gurka MJ, Figg LE, Hechavarria M, Zaharieva DP, Malden KG, Hood KK, Westen SC, Wong JJ, Donahoo WT, Basina M, Bernier AV, Duncan P, Maahs DM. Not all healthcare inequities in diabetes are equal: a comparison of two medically underserved cohorts. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2024 Sep 5;12(4):e004229. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004229. PMID: 39242122; PMCID: PMC11381725. 

  42. Kim GYK, Rostosky R, Bishop FK, Watson K, Prahalad P, Vaidya A, Lee S, Diana A, Beacock C, Chu B, Yadav G, Rochford K, Carter C, Ferstad JO, Pang E, Kurtzig J, Arbiter B, Look H, Johari R, Maahs DM, Scheinker D. The adaptation of a single institution diabetes care platform into a nationally available turnkey solution. NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Nov 6;7(1):311. doi: 10.1038/s41746-024-01319-x. PMID: 39506045; PMCID: PMC11542048. 

  43. Addala A, Ritter V, Schneider-Utaka AK, Alamarie SA, Pang E, Balistreri I, Shaw B, Bishop FK, Zaharieva DP, Prahalad P, Desai M, Maahs DM, Hood KK; 4T Team. Psychosocial outcomes in a diverse sample of youth and their families who initiated continuous glucose monitoring within the first year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Feb;27(2):933-943. doi: 10.1111/dom.16093. Epub 2024 Nov 27. PMID: 39604317; PMCID: PMC11700754. 

  44. Walker AF, Haller MJ, Addala A, Filipp SL, Lal RA, Gurka MJ, Figg LE, Hechavarria M, Zaharieva DP, Malden KG, Hood KK, Westen SC, Wong JJ, Donahoo WT, Basina M, Bernier AV, Maahs DM; ECHO Diabetes Study Team. Project ECHO Diabetes Trial Improves Outcomes for Medically Underserved People. Diabetes Care. 2025 Feb 1;48(2):243-250. doi: 10.2337/dc24-2100. PMID: 39688288; PMCID: PMC11770159.