David Scheinker

David Scheinker, PhD, Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine

Research Description: As of 2018, the standard of care for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is centered on quarterly clinic visits, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing, and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This approach faces two significant barriers to the timely detection and personalized response to deteriorating glucose control, a long feedback cycle and the use of relatively little data. For example, a typical patient may check their blood glucose 4-10 times/day and receive feedback from their care team once every 3 months based on an HbA1c test. Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) record blood glucose levels once every 5 minutes. CGM use is associated with improved clinical outcomes, improved patient-reported quality of life measures, and has recently increased from 3% in 2011 to 31% in 2016 in the US pediatric T1D population. However, the Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) Congress found that while CGMs offer an opportunity to use high-frequency data to identify deteriorating glucose control and tailor personalized management strategies, there are no standardized, validated methods to do so. My research group, SURF, facilitates partnerships between engineers and endocrinologists to develop a variety of analytical tools to analyze CGM data, develop personalized care targets, and deploy these tools for care for LPCH patients. The goal of this collaboration is to develop, validate, and test a suite of analytics-enabled CGM-based tools to facilitate standardized, personalized care for T1D patients. 

Selected relevant publications (SDRC members in BOLD):

  1. Prahalad P, Addala A, Scheinker D, Hood KK, Maahs DM. CGM Initiation Soon After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis Results in Sustained CGM Use and Wear Time. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(1):e3-e4. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1205. PMID: 31558548; PMCID: PMC7011198. [Cites P30] 

  2. Prahalad P, Yang J, Scheinker D, Desai M, Hood K, Maahs DM. Hemoglobin A1c Trajectory in Pediatric Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Aug;21(8):456-461. doi: 10.1089/dia.2019.0065. PMID: 31180244; PMCID: PMC7001422. [Cites P30] 

  3. Rodriguez F, Scheinker D, Harrington RA. Promise and Perils of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Medicine and Biomedical Research. Circ Res. 2018 Dec 7;123(12):1282-1284. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.314119. PMID: 30566055. 

  4. Leverenz JC, Leverenz B, Prahalad P, Bishop FK, Sagan P, Martinez-Singh A, Conrad B, Chmielewski A, Senaldi J, Scheinker D, Maahs DM. Role and Perspective of Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists in the Development of the 4T Program. Diabetes Spectr. 2024 Spring;37(2):153-159. doi: 10.2337/ds23-0010. Epub 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38756427; PMCID: PMC11093765. 

  5. Ferstad JO, Vallon JJ, Jun D, Gu A, Vitko A, Morales DP, Leverenz J, Lee MY, Leverenz B, Vasilakis C, Osmanlliu E, Prahalad P, Maahs DM, Johari R, Scheinker D. Population-level management of type 1 diabetes via continuous glucose monitoring and algorithm-enabled patient prioritization: Precision health meets population health. Pediatr Diabetes. 2021 Nov;22(7):982-991. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13256. Epub 2021 Sep 1. PMID: 34374183; PMCID: PMC8635792. 

  6. Prahalad P, Ding VY, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Johari R, Scheinker D, Desai M, Hood K, Maahs DM. Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot 4T Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Nov 28:dgab859. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab859. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34850024. 

  7. Addala A, Zaharieva DP, Gu AJ, Prahalad P, Scheinker D, Buckingham B, Hood KK, Maahs DM. Clinically Serious Hypoglycemia Is Rare and Not Associated With Time-in-range in Youth With New-onset Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Oct 21;106(11):3239-3247. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab522. PMID: 34265059; PMCID: PMC8530719. 

  8. Scheinker D, Gu A, Grossman J, Ward A, Ayerdi O, Miller D, Leverenz J, Hood K, Lee MY, Maahs DM, Prahalad P. Algorithm-Enabled, Personalized Glucose Management for Type 1 Diabetes at the Population Scale: Prospective Evaluation in Clinical Practice. JMIR Diabetes. 2022 Jun 6;7(2):e27284. PMID: 35666570; PMCID: PMC9210201. 

  9. Scheinker D, Gu A, Grossman J, Ward A, Ayerdi O, Miller D, Leverenz J, Hood K, Lee MY, Maahs DM, Prahalad P. Algorithm-Enabled, Personalized Glucose Management for Type 1 Diabetes at the Population Scale: Prospective Evaluation in Clinical Practice. JMIR Diabetes. 2022 Jun 6;7(2):e27284. PMID: 35666570; PMCID: PMC9210201. 

  10. Addala A, Ding V, Zaharieva DP, Bishop FK, Adams AS, King AC, Johari R, Scheinker D, Hood KK, Desai M, Maahs DM, Prahalad P; Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control (4T) Study Group. Disparities in Hemoglobin A1c Levels in the First Year After Diagnosis Among Youths With Type 1 Diabetes Offered Continuous Glucose Monitoring. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Apr 3;6(4):e238881. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8881. PMID: 37074715; PMCID: PMC10116368. 

  11. Prahalad P, Scheinker D, Desai M, Ding VY, Bishop FK, Lee MY, Ferstad J, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Johari R, Hood K, Maahs DM. Equitable implementation of a precision digital health program for glucose management in individuals with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Nat Med. 2024 Jul;30(7):2067-2075. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02975-y. Epub 2024 May 3. PMID: 38702523; PMCID: PMC11847559. 

  12. Leverenz JC, Leverenz B, Prahalad P, Bishop FK, Sagan P, Martinez-Singh A, Conrad B, Chmielewski A, Senaldi J, Scheinker D, Maahs DM. Role and Perspective of Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists in the Development of the 4T Program. Diabetes Spectr. 2024 Spring;37(2):153-159. doi: 10.2337/ds23-0010. Epub 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38756427; PMCID: PMC11093765. 

  13. Kim GYK, Rostosky R, Bishop FK, Watson K, Prahalad P, Vaidya A, Lee S, Diana A, Beacock C, Chu B, Yadav G, Rochford K, Carter C, Ferstad JO, Pang E, Kurtzig J, Arbiter B, Look H, Johari R, Maahs DM, Scheinker D. The adaptation of a single institution diabetes care platform into a nationally available turnkey solution. NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Nov 6;7(1):311. doi: 10.1038/s41746-024-01319-x. PMID: 39506045; PMCID: PMC11542048.